CLAT LLM 2008 Question Paper

PART I
SECTION-A

Read the following passage carefully before attempting the questions.

Paragraph 1
In 1865, the British surgeon Joseph Lister (1827-1912) succeeded in devising for the first time a truly antiseptic principle for treating wounds. Until the middle of the nineteenth century, surgery was not only a very gruesome trade – there was no general anesthesia before that time – but also a dangerous method of treatment which was always followed by a protracted and often fatal infection.

Paragraph 2
The patients died even after the slightest operation. All wounds suppurated, and in the hospital wards the sweetish smell of pus everywhere prevailed. The ancient doctrine that this was ‘good and laudable pus’ and must therefore be regarded as a sign of the favourable healing of the wound, was not yet dead.

Paragraph 3
In the hospitals of Lister’s time, ‘charpie’ was used as a dressing. ‘Charpie’ was made out of old linen clothes which had become easily teased through frequent boiling, and attendants and patients who were not very ill teased out threads of varying lengths and thicknesses; and these threads were then brought together again to make a soft, absorbent material. Before it was used to pack a wound or as a dressing, the charpie was washed only with cold water without soap – and often it was not washed at all. The instruments and the sponges used to staunch blood were likewise washed only in cold water.

Paragraph 4
Like all surgeons in all countries Lister was troubled by the fact that a compound fracture – that is a fracture in which one or both of the broken ends of bone had pierced the overlying skin and soft tissues – never did well, and that in such cases amputation of the limb nearly always had to be performed. Further, in all countries the mortality rate from septic diseases after amputation varied between 30% and 50%. This was a dreadful state of affairs. As a preliminary to an attack on this problem Lister had long been carrying out important work on inflammation and the behavior of the blood during the process. He was led to the conclusion that wound suppuration was ‘decomposition’ (or putrefaction) brought about by the effect of the atmosphere on blood or serum contained in the wound. But Lister was handicapped by belief, widely held at that time that putrefaction was due to oxygen in the air. He spent much time trying to exclude the air from wounds, but not unexpectedly these efforts were unsuccessful. Then in 1865 Lister learned for the first time about the important work of the French Chemist Louis Pasteur who had proved conclusively that ‘organized corpuscles’ (i.e. living bacteria) are everywhere present in the air. This was the clue for which Lister was searching. He deduced that in the case of septic or ‘putrefying wounds’, it was not the air itself but the organisms in the air which caused the sepsis.

Paragraph 5
Lister decided that these organisms must be killed before they obtained access to the wound. He tested the killing effect of a number of substances on bacteria; and after very careful experiments he decided to use carbolic acid, not only as a wound-dressing, but in a systemic manner so as to prevent suppuration entirely in the part concerned. The hands of the surgeon and his assistants, and also all the instruments to be used, were soaked in a solution of carbolic acid. So also was the wound itself, and Lister did a lot of research in order to find suitable materials for dressings which would give off the carbolic acid slowly into the wound. For many years also Lister had the atmosphere in the operating theater sprayed with a fine mist of carbolic acid, and the spray was also used during the change of a dressing. But it was later shown that the spraying of the atmosphere was not necessary.

Direction: Given below is a list of words from the above passage. Choose the alternative closet to the sense in which the word is used above and encircle the correct answer.

1. succeeded – (in paragraph 1)
(a) took over
(b) managed to achieve
(c) occupied the position
(d) happened one after another.

2. devising – (in paragraph 1)
(a) scheming
(b) inventing
(c) constructing
(d) planning.

3. protracted (in paragraph 1)
(a) protruded
(b) plotted and drew with scale and protractor
(c) prolonged
(d) outgoing.

4. suppurated – (in paragraph 2)
(a) differentiated
(b) formed pus
(c) maturated
(d) ripened.

5. doctrine – (in paragraph 2)
(a) belief
(b) what is taught
(c) body of instruction
(d) guidelines

6. teased – (in paragraph 3)
(a) rag
(b) ridiculed
(c) mocked
(d) separated.

7. absorbent – (in paragraph 3)
(a) Sponge
(b) Watchful
(c) deeply involved
(d) something that mops up fluid.

8. staunch (in paragraph 3)
(a) firm in principle
(b) loyal
(c) impervious to water
(d) stop the flow.

9. amputation (in paragraph 4)
(a) trimming of parts
(b) pruning of leaves
(c) removal of limbs
(d) calculation of big numbers.

10. handicapped (in paragraph 4)
(a) physically or mentally disabled
(b) people who are collectively disabled
(c) constrained by an obstacle
(d) handcuffed.

SECTION-B

Based on the above passage, choose the correct alternative in response to the question that follow and encircle the right answer

11. According to the author, in ancient times, surgery was gruesome because:
(a) the instruments used were very primitive
(b) it was always followed by long lasting illness
(c) there was no antiseptic available then
(d) there was no anesthesia at that time.

12. The author uses the word ‘laudable’ in paragraph 2 to:
(a) Indicate the effect of the antiseptic
(b) Speak of the impact of anesthesia
(c) Speak of the enormity of ignorance among people then
(d) Speak of the impact of amputation.

13. Which one of the following ideas appears in paragraph 4?
(a) use of ‘charpie’ as dressing material
(b) infection was due to the organisms in the air
(c) the doctrine that sweetish smell of pus was considered laudable
(d) his research on the suitable material for dressing up wounds.

14. The passage is about
(a) the role of the organisms in the air
(b) the role of gruesome trade called ‘surgery’
(c) the role of the organisms in the air and the antidote for it
(d) all of the above.

15. Lister’s method was to
(a) find out the right kind of dressing for the wounds
(b) recommend amputation of the limbs
(c) kill the organism in the air before they entered the wound
(d) study the behavior of the blood.

SECTION-C

Choose the appropriate article (a, an or the) to fill the blank in each of the sentences/phrases below. Choose the option (d) if no article is required. Encircle the right answer.

16. ……….. European middle-aged lady was actively associated with the framing of the anti-terrorist policies.
(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) No article.

17. The politician being………….honourable man listened to his opponents with a lot of patience.
(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) No article.

18. Visiting Delhi for the first time and having had no relatives there, I stayed in………… hotel.
(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) No article.

19. ……… Cauvery is the most sacred river for the people of Karnataka.
(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) No article.

20. The lady wearing………… yellow sari is a famous scientist.
(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) No article.

21. ………… man, by nature, is a social animal.
(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) No article.

22. ……….. lamb is a harmless animal.
(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) No article.

23. ………….. British are reserved by nature.
(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) No article.

24. John is in…………. hospital. He is undergoing an operation.
(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) No article.

25. Marry is at………… school now, having French class.
(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) No article.

SECTION-D

Given below are five different paragraphs where the sentences are not in order. In each case, choose the correct order in which the sentences can be rearranged to form a coherent paragraph. Encircle the appropriate answer.

26. (i) Chaplin left the United States and went to Switzerland with his family in 1952.
(ii) In 1910, he left Britain for the U.S. and in 1930 he made his first film.
(iii) Chaplin was born 1889 in London and he was very poor and had a hard childhood,
(iv) His great films include The Gold Rush and City Lights
(a) iv, i, ii, iii
(b) iii, ii, i, iv
(c) ii, iii, iv, i
(d) i, iv, iii, ii.

27. (i) But the birds are camera shy and any slight noise is enough to disturb them
(ii) Because wild animals pose at least for a few seconds
(iii) Hence a great deal of patience is required on the part of a wildlife photographer
(iv) Taking photographs of birds is more difficult than taking photographs of wild animals
(a) iv, i, ii, iii
(b) iii, ii, i, iv
(c) ii, iii, iv, i
(d) iv, ii, i, iii.

28. (i) In this century great use has been made of oil and natural gas and in the last twenty-five years atomic reactors have provided another source of energy
(ii) Much later the first industrial revolution was based on the production of steam by burning coal
(iii) Civilization dawned when early man learnt how to produce heat energy by burning wood
(iv) Then steam was used to produce electricity
(a) iv, i, ii, iii
(b) iii, ii, iv, i
(c) ii, iii, iv, i
(d) i, iv, iii, ii.

29. (i) Another point against the motor car is that it has made out roads unsafe
(ii) For example, in busy cities motor cars which ply in hundreds, fill the air with their smoke which contain harmful gases
(iii) If we look at the report of crimes particularly in advanced countries, we find that the car has always been a quick means of escape for the criminal
(iv) Although the motor car is considered to be one of the most useful gifts of modem technology, it has certain disadvantages
(a) iv, i, ii, iii
(b) iii, ii. i, iv
(c) ii, iii, iv, i
(d) iv. ii. i. iii.

30. (i) Riding a bike is also a good physical exercise which can help the rider to keep fit
(ii) In recent years the bicycle has gained great popularity in the USA
(iii) A second reason is that the cycle does not pollute the air as the car does with its noxious exhaust gases
(iv) One of the reasons for this sudden fancy for the bicycle is that the man riding the bicycle has a better chance of reaching his destination than the man in a car who is delayed by repeated traffic obstructions on the road.
(a) iv, i, ii, iii
(b) iii, ii, i, iv
(c) ii, iv, iii, i
(d) iv, ii, i, iii.

SECTION-E

Given below are few sentences with four prepositions for each one of them. Choose the most appropriate proposition that goes with the sentence. Encircle the correct answer.

31. The audience looked…………… the hall for the sight of the celebrity criminal.
(a) above
(b) along
(c) across
(d) celebrity.

32. The judge was annoyed by the creaky noise made by the fan……….. his head.
(a) on
(b) over
(c) above
(d) on top of.

33. The judge was annoyed by the creaky noise made by the fan…….. his head.
(a) on
(b) against
(c) over
(d) at.

34. The witness took an oath……… the name of God Almighty.
(a) on
(b) over
(c) above
(d) in.

35. The advocate placed all the documents………….. the judge.
(a) beside
(b) before
(c) on
(d) over.

36. An accused escaped, jumping………….. the barbed wire.
(a) on
(b) above
(c) over
(d) at.

37. The young couple who applied for a divorce were asked to go………… a compromise.
(a) for
(b) to
(c) in
(d) over.

38. The judge refused to grant adjournment…………. the defence lawyer.
(a) for
(b) in
(c) to
(d) in.

39. The mother was allowed by the court to meet the children………. weekends.
(a) in
(b) on
(c) over
(d) above.

40. The police interrogated the young man……… his illegal activities.
(a) on
(b) about
(c) over
(d) against.

SECTION-F

Given below are five sentences with blanks in them. Choose the most appropriate tense forms the options given and encircle the correct answer.

41. Mrs. Srivatsa………. a habeas corpus in the High Court as she was worried about her son’s safety in police custody.
(a) is filing
(b) was filed
(c) has filed
(d) filed.

42. The judge…………. adjourning the case since he assumed office.
(a) adjourns
(b) was adjourned
(c) was being adjourned
(d) has been.

43. A few years ago the politician………….. the risk of contempt of court because she had ignored the summons issued by the judge.
(a) standing
(b) stood
(c) bas stood
(d) has been standing.

44. The scientist…………murdering the artist in the case that came for hearing today.
(a) was accused of
(b) accusing
(c) has been accused
(d) accuses.

45. The terrorist………… a non-bailable warrant by the judge.
(a) had issued
(b) issues
(c) issuing
(d) was issued.

46. My sister…………… music since 1995.
(a) has learnt
(b) has been being learnt
(c) has been learning
(d) has to learn.

47. My father……………. tennis for pleasure these days.
(a) plays
(b) was playing
(c) played
(d) has been played.

48. This child…………… by the time the mother brought milk for it.
(a) has slept
(b) had slept
(c) has been sleeping
(d) was sleeping.

49. If only he……………. to his doctor he would have recovered faster
(a) listened
(b) has listened
(c) had listened
(d) would have listened.

50. Whenever Raju…………. a child, he would stop to play with the child
(a) sees
(b) had been
(c) saw
(d) has.

PART II
SECTION-A

Critically comment upon the following using the space given there under. Do not exceed the space limit or overwrite

1. The movement of progressive societies has hitherto been a movement from status to contract.

2. Constitution is the mirror in which sovereign looks at himself.

3. Trade-related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.

4. Ever-greening of Patents

5. Agreements on Free Trade Area

6. Special Economic Zones

7. Plea Bargaining

8. Self-incrimination and Narco Analysis

9. Dual Citizenship under the Indian Constitution

10. Opening up of legal profession to foreign competition

Write an Essay on ANY ONE of the following:

1. Reservation of Other backward classes” under articles 15 and 16 of the Constitution of India.

2. Constitutional Limitations on Power to Pardon.

3. The concept and scope of “Office of Profit” under Indian Constitution.