🏛️ Parliament (Articles 79–92)
Delhi Law Academy Jaipur — Notes for RJS, DJS, PCS(J) & Other Judicial Services
📘 Constitution of Parliament — Article 79
- Parliament consists of:
- The President
- House of People (Lok Sabha)
- Council of States (Rajya Sabha)
🏛️ Composition of Council of States — Article 80
- Council of States shall consist of:
- 12 members nominated by the President
- Maximum of 238 members representing States and Union Territories
- Allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha is specified in the Fourth Schedule.
- Nomination criteria: Special knowledge or practical experience in Literature, Science, Art, or Social Service.
- State representatives are elected by elected members of Legislative Assemblies.
- UT representatives are chosen as per law made by Parliament.
🗳️ Composition of Lok Sabha — Article 81
- Not more than 530 members chosen by direct election from States.
- Not more than 20 members to represent Union Territories.
- Seats allocated to each State in proportion to its population (as per 1971 Census).
- Each State divided into territorial constituencies with roughly equal population (as per 2001 Census).
📊 Readjustment after each census — Article 82
Allocation of seats and division of States into constituencies to be readjusted after every census by the Delimitation Commission.
No readjustment required till the first census after 2026.
🕒 Duration of Houses — Article 83
Council of States: Not subject to dissolution. One-third members retire every 2 years.
House of People: Normal term 5 years; can be dissolved sooner. Term may be extended by 1 year at a time during Emergency.
House of People: Normal term 5 years; can be dissolved sooner. Term may be extended by 1 year at a time during Emergency.
- 5th Lok Sabha term extended from March 1976 to March 1977 under the House of People (Extension of Duration) Act, 1976.
🧾 Qualification for Members — Article 84
- Must be a citizen of India.
- Must make an oath before the Election Commission.
- Minimum age: 30 years (Rajya Sabha), 25 years (Lok Sabha).
- Must meet qualifications prescribed by Parliament.
📅 Sessions of Parliament — Article 85
- President to summon Houses from time to time.
- No more than 6 months may elapse between two sessions.
- President may prorogue Houses or dissolve Lok Sabha.
🎙️ Right to Address and Send Messages — Article 86
- President may address either House.
- President may send messages relating to pending Bills or other matters.
🏛️ Special Address by President — Article 87
- President shall address both Houses assembled together at:
- The first session after each general election to Lok Sabha.
- The first session of each calendar year.
⚖️ Rights of Ministers — Article 88
- Every Minister has the right to speak and participate in either House but not to vote.
- The Attorney General of India has the same rights.
🪑 Officers of Council of States — Article 89
- Chairman: Vice-President of India (ex-officio).
- Deputy Chairman: chosen by the Council from among its members.
📜 Removal of Deputy Chairman — Article 90
- Vacates office if he ceases to be a member.
- Removed by resolution of the Council by a majority of all members, with 14 days’ notice.
👥 Article 91 & 92 — Chairman and Deputy Chairman Duties
- When the office of Chairman is vacant or Vice-President acts as President, duties are performed by the Deputy Chairman.
- If both are absent, duties performed by a member appointed by the President or by a person determined by the Council.
- During removal resolutions, the concerned officer shall not preside but may speak.
Note: The Chairman and Deputy Chairman play vital roles in maintaining the functioning and decorum of the Rajya Sabha.
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💬 FAQs — Parliament (Articles 79–92)
Commonly asked questions on Articles 79–92 of the Constitution — covering Parliament, Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha, and Presidential roles.
As per Article 79, the Parliament of India consists of the President, the Council of States (Rajya Sabha), and the House of the People (Lok Sabha).
Together, they constitute the supreme legislative body of India.
Search term: “Composition of Indian Parliament Article 79 explained”
Together, they constitute the supreme legislative body of India.
Search term: “Composition of Indian Parliament Article 79 explained”
Under Article 80, representatives of the States are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies using a single transferable vote.
The President nominates 12 members having special knowledge or experience in literature, science, art, or social service.
Search term: “Article 80 Rajya Sabha composition and election process”
The President nominates 12 members having special knowledge or experience in literature, science, art, or social service.
Search term: “Article 80 Rajya Sabha composition and election process”
Article 81 provides that the Lok Sabha shall consist of not more than 530 members from the States and not more than 20 members to represent the Union Territories,
all chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies.
Search term: “Lok Sabha total seats Article 81 judiciary notes”
all chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies.
Search term: “Lok Sabha total seats Article 81 judiciary notes”
The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and not subject to dissolution; one-third of its members retire every two years.
The Lok Sabha normally continues for five years unless dissolved sooner, though its term can be extended during a national emergency.
Search term: “Article 83 tenure of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha explained”
The Lok Sabha normally continues for five years unless dissolved sooner, though its term can be extended during a national emergency.
Search term: “Article 83 tenure of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha explained”
Under Article 85, the President must summon each House of Parliament such that no more than six months elapse between two sessions.
This ensures continuous legislative oversight and accountability.
Search term: “Maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament Article 85”
This ensures continuous legislative oversight and accountability.
Search term: “Maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament Article 85”
The Vice-President of India acts as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
The Deputy Chairman is elected by the members of the Council and can be removed by a resolution passed by a majority of all the then members of the Council after a 14-day notice.
Search term: “Removal of Deputy Chairman Rajya Sabha Article 90”
The Deputy Chairman is elected by the members of the Council and can be removed by a resolution passed by a majority of all the then members of the Council after a 14-day notice.
Search term: “Removal of Deputy Chairman Rajya Sabha Article 90”
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